Russo- Japanese War - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Russo- Japanese War. Clockwise from top: Russian cruiser Pallada under fire at Port Arthur, Russian cavalry at Mukden, Russian cruiser Varyag and gunboat Korietz at Chemulpo Bay, Japanese dead at Port Arthur, Japanese infantry crossing the Yalu River. Belligerents. Empire of Japan. Commanders and leaders. Strength. 30. 0,0. The major theatres of operations were the Liaodong Peninsula and Mukden in Southern Manchuria and the seas around Korea, Japan and the Yellow Sea. Russia sought a warm- water port on the Pacific Ocean for their navy and for maritime trade. Vladivostok was operational only during the summer, whereas Port Arthur, a naval base in Liaodong Province leased to Russia by China, was operational all year. Since the end of the First Sino- Japanese War in 1. Russia and Japan proved impractical. Russia refused and demanded Korea north of the 3. Russia and Japan. The Japanese government perceived a Russian threat to its strategic interests and chose to go to war. After negotiations broke down in 1. Japanese Navy opened hostilities by attacking the Russian Eastern Fleet at Port Arthur in a surprise attack. Russia suffered numerous defeats by Japan, but Tsar Nicholas II was convinced that Russia would win and chose to remain engaged in the war; at first, to await the outcomes of certain naval battles, and later to preserve the dignity of Russia by averting a . The war concluded with the Treaty of Portsmouth, mediated by US President Theodore Roosevelt. The complete victory of the Japanese military surprised world observers. The consequences transformed the balance of power in East Asia, resulting in a reassessment of Japan's recent entry onto the world stage. Scholars continue to debate the historical significance of the war. Historical background. It follows the design used by the Englishman Frederick Rose for a similar map first published in 1. This encounter with a modern Western power served to portray the West as having a confrontational and imperialist political agenda, which Japan viewed with respect through World War II. The Meiji Restoration in 1. Japanese response to the challenges of the modern world. After the Meiji Restoration in 1. This list of war films and TV specials that are films and television series such as Documentaries, TV mini series and drama serials depicting aspects of historical wars. Trojan War (1194–1184 BC) Helena (1924) Helen of Troy (1956) Helen of Troy (2003) Troy (2004). Meiji government endeavored to assimilate Western ideas, technological advances and customs. By the late 1. 9th century, Japan had transformed itself into a modernized industrial state. Emperor Meiji (Character) on IMDb: Movies, TV, Celebs, and more. There may be more credits available for this character. To edit the credits displayed or to add more credits to this character's filmography, click the Edit Credits link. HISTORICAL MOVIES (HISTORICAL FILMS) IN CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER (UNDER CONSTRUCTION -- I'm watching and writing about these movies as fast as I can, but it is going to. The X's just indicate the ones I either have not. The Russo-Japanese War (8 February 1904 – 5 September 1905) was fought between the Russian Empire and the Empire of Japan over rival imperial ambitions in Manchuria and Korea. The major theatres of operations were the Liaodong Peninsula and Mukden in. The Japanese wanted to preserve their sovereignty and be recognized as equal with the Western powers. Tsarist Russia, as a major imperial power, had ambitions in the East. By the 1. 89. 0s it had extended its realm across Central Asia to Afghanistan, absorbing local states in the process. The Russian Empire stretched from Poland in the west to the Kamchatka Peninsula in the east. In the Tsushima incident of 1. Russia had directly assaulted Japanese territory. Fearing Russian expansion, Japan regarded Korea (and to a lesser extent Manchuria) as a protective buffer. Sino- Japanese War (1. The first war Japan fought was the First Sino- Japanese War, fought in 1. The war revolved around the issue of control and influence over Korea under the rule of the Joseon dynasty. From the 1. 88. 0s onward, there had been vigorous competition for influence in Korea between China and Japan. China objected and war ensued. Hostilities proved brief, with Japanese ground troops routing Chinese forces on the Liaodong Peninsula and nearly destroying the Chinese Navy in the Battle of the Yalu River. Japan and China signed the Treaty of Shimonoseki, which ceded the Liaodong Peninsula and the island of Taiwan to Japan. After the peace treaty, Russia, Germany, and France forced Japan to withdraw from the Liaodong Peninsula. The leaders of Japan did not feel that they possessed the strength to resist the combined might of Russia, Germany and France, and so gave in to the ultimatum presented by St. Petersburg, Berlin and Paris. At the same time, the Japanese did not abandon their attempts to force Korea into the Japanese sphere of influence. On 8 October 1. 89. Queen Min of Korea, the leader of the anti- Japanese and pro- Chinese faction at the Korean court was murdered by Japanese agents within the halls of the Gyeongbokgung palace, an act that backfired badly as it turned Korean public opinion against Japan. Russia's acquisition of Port Arthur was primarily an anti- British move to counter the British occupation of Wei- hai- Wei, but in Japan, this was perceived as an anti- Japanese move. After three months, in 1. China and Russia negotiated a convention by which China leased (to Russia) Port Arthur, Talienwan and the surrounding waters. The two parties further agreed that the convention could be extended by mutual agreement. The Russians clearly expected such an extension, for they lost no time in occupying the territory and in fortifying Port Arthur, their sole warm- water port on the Pacific coast and of great strategic value. A year later, to consolidate their position, the Russians began to build a new railway from Harbin through Mukden to Port Arthur, the South Manchurian Railroad. By 1. 89. 8 they had acquired mining and forestry concessions near the Yalu and Tumen rivers. Japan decided to attack before the Russians completed the Trans- Siberian Railway. Boxer Rebellion. Left to right: Britain, United States, Austria- Hungary, India, Germany, France, Russia, Italy, Japan. The Russians and the Japanese both contributed troops to the eight- member international force sent in 1. Boxer Rebellion and to relieve the international legations under siege in the Chinese capital, Beijing. Russia had already sent 1. Manchuria, nominally to protect its railways under construction. The troops of the Qing Empire and the participants of the Boxer Rebellion could do nothing against such a massive army and were ejected from Manchuria. After the Boxer Rebellion, 1. Russian soldiers were stationed in Manchuria. He regarded Japan as too weak to evict the Russian militarily, so he proposed giving Russia control over Manchuria in exchange for Japanese control of northern Korea. Meanwhile, Japan and Britain had signed the Anglo- Japanese Alliance in 1. British seeking to restrict naval competition by keeping the Russian Pacific seaports of Vladivostok and Port Arthur from their full use. The alliance with the British meant, in part, that if any nation allied itself with Russia during any war against Japan, then Britain would enter the war on Japan's side. Russia could no longer count on receiving help from either Germany or France without there being a danger of British involvement in the war. With such an alliance, Japan felt free to commence hostilities, if necessary. On 2. 8 July 1. 90. Japanese minister in St. Petersburg was instructed to present his country's view opposing Russia's consolidation plans in Manchuria. On 1. 2 August, the Japanese minister handed in the following document to serve as the basis for further negotiations. Additional engagement on the part of Russia not to impede the eventual extension of the Korean railway into southern Manchuria so as to connect with the East China and Shan- hai- kwan- Newchwang lines. Reciprocal engagement that in case it is found necessary to send troops by Japan to Korea, or by Russia to Manchuria, for the purpose either of protecting the interests mentioned in article II of this agreement, or of suppressing insurrection or disorder calculated to create international complications, the troops so sent are in no case to exceed the actual number required and are to be forthwith recalled as soon as their missions are accomplished. Recognition on the part of Russia of the exclusive right of Japan to give advice and assistance in the interest of reform and good government in Korea, including necessary military assistance. This agreement to supplant all previous arrangements between Japan and Russia respecting Korea. On 3 October, the Russian minister to Japan, Roman Rosen, presented to the Japanese government the Russian counterproposal as the basis of negotiations, as follows. Instead, Russia's goal was buying time . By 4 February 1. 90. February Kurino Shinichiro, the Japanese minister, called on the Russian foreign minister, Count Lamsdorf, to take his leave. One crucial error of Nicholas was his mismanagement of government. Although certain scholars contend the situation arose from the determination of Tsar Nicholas II to use the war against Japan to spark a revival in Russian patriotism, no historical evidence supports this claim. The Japanese understanding of this can be seen from a telegram dated 1 December 1. Japanese minister of foreign affairs, Komura, to the minister to Russia, in which he stated. The negotiations have now been pending for no less than four months, and they have not yet reached a stage where the final issue can with certainty be predicted. In these circumstances the Japanese government cannot but regard with grave concern the situation for which the delays in negotiations are largely responsible. Some scholars have suggested that Tsar Nicholas II dragged Japan into war intentionally, in hopes of reviving Russian nationalism. This notion is disputed by a comment made by Nicholas to Kaiser Wilhelm of Germany, saying there would be no war because he . Nicholas held the Japanese in contempt as . Russian (outer) Manchuria is the lighter red region to the upper right. Japan issued a declaration of war on 8 February 1. Tsar Nicholas II was stunned by news of the attack. He could not believe that Japan would commit an act of war without a formal declaration, and had been assured by his ministers that the Japanese would not fight. When the attack came, according to Cecil Spring Rice, first secretary at the British Embassy, it left the Tsar . However, Yuan Shikai sent envoys to Japanese generals several times to deliver foodstuffs and alcoholic drinks. Native Manchurians joined the war on both sides as hired troops.
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